THE INGREDIENT LIBRARY
Food Additives List: E Numbers & Ingredient Guides
Explore 332 food additive guides by E number and category. Find common names, what each additive does, label terms, and evidence-aware safety context. This is a growing reference, not a complete copy of every additive authorized worldwide.
Showing 332 of 332 guides
Acidity Regulators 35 guides
- E260
Acetic Acid
The main component of vinegar. Used as a preservative, acidity regulator, and flavoring. The most natural and widely used organic acid preservative, found in pickles, chutneys, and bread.
Also called acetic acid, ethanoic acid
- E261
Potassium Acetates
E261 covers potassium forms of acetic acid, including acetate and diacetate preparations. E261: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium acetate, potassium diacetate
- E262
Sodium Acetates
E262 includes sodium acetate and sodium diacetate. E262: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium acetate, sodium diacetate
- E263
Calcium Acetate
Calcium acetate E263 is the calcium salt of acetic acid. E263: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium ethanoate
- E270
Lactic Acid
Naturally produced by fermentation. Found in yogurt, cheese, and pickles. Used as a preservative, acidity regulator, and flavor enhancer. Generally safe and beneficial in fermented foods.
Also called lactic acid
- E296
Malic Acid
Malic acid E296 is an organic acid naturally associated with fruits such as apples, and also produced for food manufacturing. E296: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called DL-malic acid, hydroxybutanedioic acid
- E297
Fumaric Acid
Fumaric acid E297 is an organic acid used for acidity control in specified foods. E297: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called trans-butenedioic acid
- E325
Sodium Lactate
Sodium lactate is the sodium salt of lactic acid. E325: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium L-lactate
- E326
Potassium Lactate
Potassium lactate is a potassium salt of lactic acid, selected for acidity and moisture-management roles in some foods. E326: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium L-lactate
- E327
Calcium Lactate
Calcium lactate is a calcium salt of lactic acid. E327: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium L-lactate
- E330
Citric Acid
A natural acid found in citrus fruits, used widely as an acidity regulator, flavor enhancer, and preservative in many foods and beverages.
Also called citric acid
- E331
Sodium Citrates
E331 covers sodium salts of citric acid. E331: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium citrate, trisodium citrate, monosodium citrate
- E332
Potassium Citrates
Potassium citrates are potassium salts of citric acid used in food-buffering systems. E332: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium citrate, tripotassium citrate
- E333
Calcium Citrates
Calcium citrates are calcium salts of citric acid. E333: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium citrate, tricalcium citrate
- E334
Tartaric Acid
Food additive E334 refers to L(+)-tartaric acid, an organic acid associated with grapes and winemaking. E334: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called L(+)-tartaric acid, L-tartaric acid
- E335
Sodium Tartrates
E335 covers sodium salts of tartaric acid used to control acidity in food systems. E335: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium tartrate, disodium tartrate, sodium hydrogen tartrate
- E336
Potassium Tartrates
E336 includes potassium salts of tartaric acid. E336: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium tartrate, potassium hydrogen tartrate, cream of tartar
- E337
Sodium Potassium Tartrate
E337 is a tartrate salt containing both sodium and potassium. E337: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium sodium tartrate, Rochelle salt
- E350
Sodium Malates
E350 covers sodium salts of malic acid. E350: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium malate, sodium hydrogen malate
- E351
Potassium Malate
Potassium malate is a potassium salt related to malic acid. E351: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium hydrogen malate
- E352
Calcium Malates
E352 covers calcium salts of malic acid. E352: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium malate, calcium hydrogen malate
- E353
Metatartaric Acid
Metatartaric acid E353 is a tartaric-acid-derived preparation used in wine stabilization. E353: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called metatartaric acid preparation
- E354
Calcium Tartrate
Calcium tartrate is a calcium salt of tartaric acid. E354: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium L-tartrate
- E355
Adipic Acid
Adipic acid E355 is an organic acid used in specified acidity applications. E355: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called hexanedioic acid
- E356
Sodium Adipate
Sodium adipate E356 is a sodium salt of adipic acid. E356: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called disodium adipate
- E357
Potassium Adipate
Potassium adipate is the potassium salt of adipic acid. E357: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called dipotassium adipate
- E363
Succinic Acid
Succinic acid E363 is an organic acid used in selected food acidity systems. E363: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called butanedioic acid
- E380
Triammonium Citrate
Triammonium citrate E380 is an ammonium salt of citric acid used in defined food acidity applications. E380: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ammonium citrate, triammonium salt of citric acid
- E574
Gluconic Acid
Gluconic acid E574 is produced by oxidation of glucose. E574: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called D-gluconic acid
- E575
Glucono-Delta-Lactone
Glucono-delta-lactone is a cyclic form that gradually converts to gluconic acid in water. E575: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called GDL, gluconolactone
- E576
Sodium Gluconate
Sodium gluconate is the sodium salt of gluconic acid. E576: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium D-gluconate
- E577
Potassium Gluconate
Potassium gluconate is a potassium salt of gluconic acid used in suitable food formulation systems. E577: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium D-gluconate
- E578
Calcium Gluconate
Calcium gluconate is a calcium salt of gluconic acid used in specified food preparations. E578: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium D-gluconate
- E579
Ferrous Gluconate
Ferrous gluconate is an iron salt of gluconic acid. E579: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called iron(II) gluconate
- E585
Ferrous Lactate
Ferrous lactate is an iron salt of lactic acid used for specific technical functions, including color retention in treated…. E585: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called iron(II) lactate
Antioxidants 16 guides
- E300
Ascorbic Acid
A natural antioxidant and nutrient also known as vitamin C, used to prevent food spoilage and enhance nutritional value.
Also called ascorbic acid, vitamin C
- E301
Sodium Ascorbate
Sodium ascorbate is the sodium salt of ascorbic acid, the compound known as vitamin C. E301: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium L-ascorbate
- E302
Calcium Ascorbate
Calcium ascorbate is a calcium salt of ascorbic acid used in antioxidant preparations. E302: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium L-ascorbate
- E304
Ascorbyl Fatty Acid Esters
E304 covers fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid, including ascorbyl palmitate and ascorbyl stearate. E304: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate
- E306
Tocopherol-Rich Extract
Tocopherol-rich extract is a mixture of tocopherols used to slow oxidation in fats and oils. E306: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called mixed tocopherols, natural mixed tocopherols
- E307
Alpha-Tocopherol
Alpha-tocopherol E307 is one form in the tocopherol family. E307: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called α-tocopherol, alpha tocopherol
- E308
Gamma-Tocopherol
Gamma-tocopherol E308 is a tocopherol used as an antioxidant in food systems containing fats. E308: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called γ-tocopherol, gamma tocopherol
- E309
Delta-Tocopherol
Delta-tocopherol E309 belongs to the tocopherol antioxidant family and can slow oxidative changes in fats. E309: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called δ-tocopherol, delta tocopherol
- E310
Propyl Gallate
Propyl gallate is an antioxidant formed from gallic acid and a propyl ester group. E310: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called propyl ester of gallic acid
- E315
Erythorbic Acid
Erythorbic acid E315 is structurally related to ascorbic acid and is used as a technological antioxidant. E315: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called isoascorbic acid, D-isoascorbic acid
- E316
Sodium Erythorbate
Sodium erythorbate E316 is the sodium salt of erythorbic acid. E316: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium isoascorbate
- E319
TBHQ
TBHQ is the common abbreviation for tertiary-butylhydroquinone, an antioxidant used to slow oxidation in specified fats and…. E319: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called tertiary-butylhydroquinone, tert-butylhydroquinone
- E320
Butylated Hydroxyanisole
A synthetic antioxidant used to prevent fats and oils from becoming rancid. Concerns exist about potential endocrine disruption and carcinogenicity.
Also called BHA, butylated hydroxyanisole
- E321
BHT
BHT is short for butylated hydroxytoluene, a synthetic antioxidant used to slow oxidative deterioration in specified food…. E321: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called butylated hydroxytoluene
- E392
Rosemary Extracts
E392 identifies defined extracts of rosemary used for antioxidant performance, particularly in fat-containing foods. E392: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called extracts of rosemary, rosemary antioxidant extract
- E586
4-Hexylresorcinol
E586 is 4-hexylresorcinol, an ingredient associated with preventing discoloration in specified crustacean applications. E586: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called hexylresorcinol
Carriers and Processing Ingredients 22 guides
- E459
Beta-Cyclodextrin
Beta-cyclodextrin is a ring-shaped carbohydrate made of glucose units. E459: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called beta cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin
- E900
Dimethyl Polysiloxane
Dimethyl polysiloxane is a specified silicone polymer used to control unwanted foam. E900: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS, dimethicone
- E927b
Carbamide
Carbamide, also called urea, is a specified additive with limited food uses. E927b: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called urea
- E943a
Butane
Butane is a gas with specified propellant uses in food systems. E943a: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called n-butane, normal butane
- E943b
Isobutane
Isobutane is a branched hydrocarbon gas used as a propellant in specified systems. E943b: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called 2-methylpropane
- E944
Propane
Propane is a gas listed for specific food propellant applications. E944: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called propane gas
- E1103
Invertase
Invertase is an enzyme preparation that breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose. E1103: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called beta-fructofuranosidase, sucrase enzyme preparation
- E1201
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a specified polymer used for technical functions such as binding in food supplement preparations. E1201: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called PVP, povidone
- E1202
Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone is a crosslinked form of a pyrrolidone polymer. E1202: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called PVPP, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone
- E1203
Polyvinyl Alcohol
Polyvinyl alcohol is a specified film-forming polymer used in limited food applications such as coatings for supplements. E1203: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called PVA, PVOH
- E1204
Pullulan
Pullulan is a polysaccharide produced through fermentation and used for film-forming properties. E1204: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called pullulan polysaccharide
- E1205
Basic Methacrylate Copolymer
E1205 is a specified basic methacrylate copolymer used for coating in limited solid-supplement applications. E1205: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called amino methacrylate copolymer
- E1206
Neutral Methacrylate Copolymer
E1206 is a specified copolymer of ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate. E1206: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ethyl acrylate methyl methacrylate copolymer
- E1207
Anionic Methacrylate Copolymer
E1207 is a specified polymer made using methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate. E1207: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called methacrylic acid methyl acrylate methyl methacrylate copolymer
- E1208
Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer
E1208 is a specified copolymer containing pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate components. E1208: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called copovidone, copolyvidon, PVP-VA
- E1209
Polyvinyl Alcohol-Polyethylene Glycol Graft Copolymer
E1209 is a specified graft copolymer combining polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol components. E1209: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called PVA-PEG graft copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol polyethylene glycol graft copolymer
- E1505
Triethyl Citrate
Triethyl citrate is an ester of citric acid and ethanol used as an ingredient carrier. E1505: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ethyl citrate, TEC
- E1517
Glyceryl Diacetate
Glyceryl diacetate is an ester preparation made from glycerol and acetic acid. E1517: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called diacetin, glycerol diacetate
- E1518
Glyceryl Triacetate
Glyceryl triacetate is the triacetate ester of glycerol. E1518: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called triacetin, glycerol triacetate
- E1519
Benzyl Alcohol
Benzyl alcohol is a specified aromatic alcohol used in narrowly defined flavor or carrier applications. E1519: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called phenylmethanol
- E1520
Propane-1,2-diol
Propylene glycol is a specified diol used as a carrier in certain food ingredient preparations. E1520: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called propylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol
- E1521
Polyethylene Glycol
Polyethylene glycol is a polymer family with specified molecular-size ranges for food uses. E1521: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called PEG, macrogol
Colors 39 guides
- E100
Curcumin
A natural yellow-orange coloring derived from turmeric, used in a variety of foods including dairy products, baked goods, and beverages.
Also called curcumin, turmeric coloring
- E101
Riboflavin
A natural yellow food coloring derived from vitamin B2, used in cereals, dairy products, and supplements.
Also called riboflavin, vitamin B2
- E102
Tartrazine
A synthetic yellow food coloring used in a wide variety of processed foods, beverages, and medications. Also known as Yellow 5.
Also called tartrazine, FD&C Yellow No. 5, Yellow 5
- E104
Quinoline Yellow
A synthetic yellow food dye used in various food products and cosmetics. It provides a bright greenish-yellow color.
Also called Quinoline Yellow, Food Yellow 13
- E110
Sunset Yellow FCF
A synthetic orange-yellow food dye. It is an azo dye with potential health concerns, including allergic reactions and hyperactivity in children.
Also called Sunset Yellow FCF, FD&C Yellow No. 6, Yellow 6
- E120
Cochineal
A natural red dye derived from the dried bodies of female cochineal insects, used to color foods, beverages, and cosmetics.
Also called carmine, carminic acid, cochineal
- E122
Carmoisine
A synthetic red azo dye used to color food and beverages. One of the 'Southampton Six' food colorings linked to hyperactivity in children. Banned in several countries outside the EU.
Also called azorubine, carmoisine
- E123
Amaranth
A synthetic red food dye with high risk profile that has been banned in the United States but remains permitted in some countries. Not related to the amaranth plant.
Also called amaranth, Food Red 9
- E124
Ponceau 4R
A synthetic red azo dye and one of the 'Southampton Six' food colorings linked to hyperactivity in children. Banned in the USA, Canada, and several other countries.
Also called Ponceau 4R, Cochineal Red A
- E127
Erythrosine
Erythrosine (E127, FD&C Red No. 3) is a cherry-red food dye. The FDA revoked its U.S. food-use authorization, with a January 2027 reformulation deadline; rules differ by country.
Also called erythrosine, FD&C Red No. 3, Red 3
- E129
Allura Red AC
A synthetic red food coloring commonly used in candies, sodas, and processed foods. May cause allergic reactions and hyperactivity in children.
Also called Allura Red AC, FD&C Red No. 40, Red 40
- E131
Patent Blue V
A synthetic blue dye used in various food products and medications. Associated with allergic reactions and moderate health concerns.
Also called Patent Blue V
- E132
Indigotine
A synthetic blue food coloring used in confectionery, ice cream, and beverages. Also known as Indigo Carmine.
Also called indigotine, indigo carmine, FD&C Blue No. 2
- E133
Brilliant Blue FCF
A synthetic blue food dye widely used in the USA as FD&C Blue 1. May cause allergic reactions. Found in ice cream, candy, beverages, and dairy products.
Also called Brilliant Blue FCF, FD&C Blue No. 1, Blue 1
- E140
Chlorophylls and Chlorophyllins
E140 covers green plant pigments and their processed chlorophyllin forms. E140: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called chlorophyll, chlorophyllin, Natural Green 3
- E141
Copper Complexes of Chlorophylls
E141 covers chlorophyll-derived green colors in which copper is incorporated into the pigment structure. E141: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called copper chlorophyll, copper chlorophyllin
- E142
Green S
Green S is a synthetic green dye used to adjust the appearance of some foods. E142: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called Food Green 4, C.I. 44090
- E150a
Plain Caramel
A natural brown coloring agent made by heating sugar, used in cola drinks, sauces, soups, and baked goods.
Also called plain caramel, Class I caramel
- E150b
Caustic Sulphite Caramel
E150b is a caramel color made by heating carbohydrates with sulfite compounds. E150b: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called Class II caramel, sulfite caramel
- E150c
Ammonia Caramel
E150c is a Class III caramel coloring prepared by heating carbohydrates with ammonium compounds. E150c: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called Class III caramel, ammonia-process caramel
- E150d
Sulphite Ammonia Caramel
E150d is Class IV caramel color, produced from carbohydrates using both sulfite and ammonium compounds. E150d: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called Class IV caramel, sulfite ammonia caramel
- E151
Brilliant Black BN
A synthetic black azo dye and one of the 'Southampton Six' food colorings linked to hyperactivity in children. Banned in the USA, Canada, Japan, and several other countries.
Also called Brilliant Black BN, Black PN
- E153
Vegetable Carbon
Vegetable carbon is a black coloring produced by carbonizing plant materials. E153: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called vegetable black, carbon black of vegetable origin
- E155
Brown HT
A synthetic brown azo dye and one of the 'Southampton Six' linked to hyperactivity in children. Banned in the USA, Canada, Belgium, France, Germany, Japan, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and Austria.
Also called Brown HT, Chocolate Brown HT
- E160a
Beta-carotene
A natural yellow-orange pigment found in many plants and fruits, used as a food coloring and also serves as a source of vitamin A.
Also called beta-carotene, carotenes
- E160b
Annatto
A natural orange-red food coloring derived from the seeds of the achiote tree, commonly used in cheese, butter, and various food products.
Also called annatto, bixin, norbixin
- E160c
Paprika Extract
A natural orange-red food coloring derived from red peppers. Contains carotenoids capsanthin and capsorubin. Generally considered safe and used widely in meat products, snacks, and sauces.
Also called paprika extract, capsanthin, capsorubin
- E160d
Lycopene
A natural red carotenoid pigment found in tomatoes and other red fruits. Used as a food coloring and noted for antioxidant properties. Associated with potential health benefits including reduced cancer risk.
Also called lycopene
- E160e
Beta-apo-8-carotenal
E160e is a carotenoid coloring with a chemical structure related to, but distinct from, beta-carotene. E160e: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called beta-apo-8′-carotenal, apocarotenal
- E161b
Lutein
Lutein is a yellow carotenoid pigment, also found naturally in plants. E161b: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called xanthophyll, lutein extract
- E162
Betanin
A natural red-violet pigment extracted from beetroot. Generally considered safe and used in ice cream, candy, sauces, and dairy products. May cause harmless red or pink urine in some people.
Also called beetroot red, betanin
- E163
Anthocyanins
Natural blue, purple, and red pigments found in berries, red cabbage, and grapes. Have antioxidant properties and are generally considered safe. Used in beverages, yogurt, and confectionery.
Also called anthocyanins
- E170
Calcium Carbonate
A naturally occurring white mineral used as a food color, anti-caking agent, and calcium supplement. Found in confectionery, bread, and pastries. Generally safe and provides dietary calcium.
Also called calcium carbonate
- E171
Titanium Dioxide
A white mineral pigment used to provide whiteness and opacity to foods, cosmetics, and paints. Concerns exist about nanoparticle safety.
Also called titanium dioxide, TiO2
- E172
Iron Oxides and Hydroxides
Mineral-derived pigments providing yellow, red, brown, and black colors. Used in confectionery coatings, olives, and other foods. Generally safe as a coloring agent.
Also called iron oxides, iron hydroxides
- E173
Aluminium
E173 is metallic aluminium used for a narrow decorative coloring role rather than ordinary flavor or nutrition. E173: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called aluminum, aluminium powder
- E174
Silver
E174 identifies silver used as a decorative food color, often in a thin leaf or surface preparation. E174: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called edible silver, silver leaf
- E175
Gold
E175 is gold used as a decorative food coloring, commonly in very thin leaf or similar surface preparations. E175: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called edible gold, gold leaf
- E180
Litholrubine BK
Litholrubine BK is a red coloring used in a limited surface-coloring application associated with cheese rinds. E180: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called Lithol Rubine BK, Pigment Red 57
Emulsifiers 35 guides
- E322
Lecithins
Natural emulsifiers derived from soybeans, eggs, or sunflower seeds, used to blend oil and water in foods and prevent oxidation.
Also called lecithin, soy lecithin, sunflower lecithin
- E431
Polyoxyethylene Stearate
Polyoxyethylene stearate combines a fatty-acid component with polyoxyethylene groups. E431: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called polyoxyl stearate, polyoxyethylene (40) stearate
- E432
Polysorbate 20
Polysorbate 20 is a sorbitan-derived emulsifier associated with lauric acid. E432: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, Tween 20
- E433
Polysorbate 80
Polysorbate 80 is an emulsifier made from modified sorbitan and an oleic-acid component. E433: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, Tween 80
- E434
Polysorbate 40
Polysorbate 40 belongs to the polysorbate emulsifier family and uses a palmitic-acid component. E434: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, Tween 40
- E435
Polysorbate 60
Polysorbate 60 is a sorbitan-derived emulsifier with a stearic-acid component. E435: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, Tween 60
- E436
Polysorbate 65
Polysorbate 65 is a polysorbate with multiple stearate components. E436: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, Tween 65
- E442
Ammonium Phosphatides
Ammonium phosphatides are an emulsifier preparation used to improve the flow of chocolate and related coatings. E442: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ammonium salts of phosphatidic acids
- E444
Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate
Sucrose acetate isobutyrate is a sucrose-derived ingredient used to help balance the density of flavor dispersions. E444: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called SAIB
- E445
Glycerol Esters of Wood Rosins
E445 is a specified mixture produced from wood rosin and glycerol. E445: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ester gum, glycerol ester of wood rosin
- E470a
Sodium, Potassium and Calcium Salts of Fatty Acids
E470a groups sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of food fatty acids. E470a: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium stearate, calcium stearate, potassium fatty-acid salts
- E470b
Magnesium Salts of Fatty Acids
E470b covers magnesium salts of food fatty acids. E470b: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called magnesium stearate
- E471
Mono- and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids
Emulsifiers derived from glycerol and fatty acids, used to blend ingredients, improve texture, and extend shelf life in baked goods, margarine, and ice cream.
Also called mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides
- E472a
Acetic Acid Esters of Mono- and Diglycerides
E472a combines mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids with acetic-acid-derived groups. E472a: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ACETEM, acetylated monoglycerides
- E472b
Lactic Acid Esters of Mono- and Diglycerides
E472b is an emulsifier made using mono- and diglycerides and lactic acid. E472b: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called LACTEM
- E472c
Citric Acid Esters of Mono- and Diglycerides
E472c is a citric-acid ester preparation of mono- and diglycerides. E472c: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called CITREM
- E472d
Tartaric Acid Esters of Mono- and Diglycerides
E472d uses tartaric acid together with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids. E472d: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called TATEM
- E472e
Mono- and Diacetyl Tartaric Acid Esters of Mono- and Diglycerides
DATEM is an emulsifier used to improve dough handling and structure. E472e: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called DATEM, diacetyl tartaric acid esters
- E472f
Mixed Acetic and Tartaric Acid Esters of Mono- and Diglycerides
E472f covers mixed acetic- and tartaric-acid ester preparations of mono- and diglycerides. E472f: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called mixed acetic and tartaric esters, MATEM
- E473
Sucrose Esters of Fatty Acids
Sucrose esters combine sucrose with fatty acids to make ingredients with emulsifying properties. E473: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sucrose fatty-acid esters, sugar esters
- E474
Sucroglycerides
Sucroglycerides are mixtures containing sucrose esters together with glycerides. E474: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sucrose glycerides
- E475
Polyglycerol Esters of Fatty Acids
E475 combines polyglycerols with fatty acids. E475: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called PGE, polyglycerol fatty-acid esters
- E476
Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate
PGPR is an emulsifier made from polyglycerol and condensed castor-oil fatty acids. E476: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called PGPR
- E477
Propane-1,2-diol Esters of Fatty Acids
E477 consists of fatty-acid esters of propane-1,2-diol, also called propylene glycol. E477: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called propylene glycol esters, PGME
- E479b
Thermally Oxidised Soya Bean Oil with Mono- and Diglycerides
E479b is a specified emulsifier preparation made by processing soya bean oil with mono- and diglycerides. E479b: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called thermally oxidized soybean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides
- E481
Sodium Stearoyl-2-lactylate
Sodium stearoyl lactylate is an emulsifier used to improve mixing and dough performance. E481: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium stearoyl lactylate, SSL
- E482
Calcium Stearoyl-2-lactylate
Calcium stearoyl lactylate is a calcium-based member of the stearoyl lactylate emulsifier family. E482: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium stearoyl lactylate, CSL
- E483
Stearyl Tartrate
Stearyl tartrate is an ester preparation involving tartaric acid and stearyl alcohol. E483: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called stearyl tartrates
- E491
Sorbitan Monostearate
Sorbitan monostearate combines sorbitan with stearic acid. E491: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called Span 60
- E492
Sorbitan Tristearate
Sorbitan tristearate is a sorbitan ester with multiple stearate components. E492: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called Span 65
- E493
Sorbitan Monolaurate
Sorbitan monolaurate is an emulsifier associated with lauric acid and sorbitan. E493: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called Span 20
- E494
Sorbitan Monooleate
Sorbitan monooleate is an emulsifier made with an oleic-acid component. E494: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called Span 80
- E495
Sorbitan Monopalmitate
Sorbitan monopalmitate combines sorbitan with palmitic acid. E495: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called Span 40
- E499
Stigmasterol-Rich Plant Sterols
E499 is a defined soy-derived plant sterol preparation rich in stigmasterol. E499: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called stigmasterol-rich phytosterols
- E570
Fatty Acids
E570 covers specified food fatty acids used for technical functions. E570: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid
Flavor Enhancers 19 guides
- E620
Glutamic Acid
Glutamic acid is an amino acid associated with savory taste. E620: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called L-glutamic acid, glutamate acid form
- E621
Monosodium Glutamate
A flavor enhancer that intensifies the savory (umami) taste of foods. Commonly known as MSG, it's one of the most controversial food additives despite moderate risk profile.
Also called MSG, monosodium glutamate, sodium glutamate
- E622
Monopotassium Glutamate
Monopotassium glutamate is the potassium salt of glutamic acid. E622: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium glutamate, MPG
- E623
Calcium Diglutamate
Calcium diglutamate is a calcium salt of glutamic acid used to enhance savory taste. E623: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium glutamate
- E624
Monoammonium Glutamate
Monoammonium glutamate is the ammonium salt of glutamic acid. E624: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ammonium glutamate
- E625
Magnesium Diglutamate
Magnesium diglutamate is a magnesium salt of glutamic acid. E625: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called magnesium glutamate
- E626
Guanylic Acid
Guanylic acid is a nucleotide used to enhance savory flavor. E626: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called guanosine monophosphate, GMP
- E627
Disodium Guanylate
Disodium guanylate is the sodium salt of guanylic acid. E627: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium guanylate, disodium 5'-guanylate
- E628
Dipotassium Guanylate
Dipotassium guanylate is a potassium salt of guanylic acid. E628: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium guanylate
- E629
Calcium Guanylate
Calcium guanylate is a calcium salt of guanylic acid used for savory flavor enhancement. E629: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium 5'-guanylate
- E630
Inosinic Acid
Inosinic acid is a nucleotide associated with savory taste. E630: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called inosine monophosphate, IMP
- E631
Disodium Inosinate
Disodium inosinate is the sodium salt of inosinic acid. E631: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium inosinate, disodium 5'-inosinate
- E632
Dipotassium Inosinate
Dipotassium inosinate is a potassium salt of inosinic acid. E632: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium inosinate
- E633
Calcium Inosinate
Calcium inosinate is a calcium salt of inosinic acid. E633: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium 5'-inosinate
- E634
Calcium 5'-Ribonucleotides
E634 is a specified mixture of calcium salts of savory nucleotides. E634: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium ribonucleotides, calcium guanylate and inosinate
- E635
Disodium 5'-Ribonucleotides
E635 is a mixture of disodium guanylate and disodium inosinate used for savory flavor enhancement. E635: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called disodium ribonucleotides, I+G, sodium guanylate and inosinate
- E640
Glycine and Its Sodium Salt
E640 covers glycine, an amino acid, and its sodium salt. E640: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called glycine, sodium glycinate, glycocoll
- E641
L-Leucine
L-leucine is an amino acid with a specified additive identity. E641: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called leucine, L-Leu
- E650
Zinc Acetate
Zinc acetate is a specified zinc salt of acetic acid used in limited flavor-related food applications. E650: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called zinc acetate dihydrate
Flour Treatment Agents 1 guides
Foaming Agents 1 guides
Glazing Agents 7 guides
- E901
Beeswax
Beeswax is a wax produced by bees and used in specified food surface treatments. E901: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called white beeswax, yellow beeswax
- E902
Candelilla Wax
Candelilla wax is a plant wax used to form coatings and improve surface appearance. E902: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called candelilla plant wax
- E903
Carnauba Wax
A natural plant-based wax used as a glazing agent in confectionery, fruit, and pharmaceutical coatings to provide shine and protection.
Also called carnauba wax
- E904
Shellac
A natural resin secreted by the lac insect, used as a glazing agent for confectionery, fruits, and pharmaceutical products.
Also called shellac
- E905
Microcrystalline Wax
Microcrystalline wax is a refined wax preparation meeting the food additive specification. E905: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called petroleum-derived microcrystalline wax of food grade
- E907
Hydrogenated Poly-1-decene
Hydrogenated poly-1-decene is a specified synthetic hydrocarbon preparation used for glazing or related surface functions. E907: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called hydrogenated polydecene
- E914
Oxidised Polyethylene Wax
Oxidised polyethylene wax is a specified coating ingredient used in limited food surface applications. E914: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called oxidized polyethylene wax
Humectants and Bulking Agents 2 guides
- E422
Glycerol
Glycerol is a three-carbon compound that attracts water. E422: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called glycerin, glycerine, propane-1,2,3-triol
- E1200
Polydextrose
Polydextrose is a manufactured carbohydrate polymer used to provide bulk and support texture. E1200: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called polydextrose polymer
Mineral Salts and Anticaking Agents 35 guides
- E500
Sodium Carbonates
E500 covers sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and sodium sesquicarbonate. E500: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium bicarbonate, baking soda, sodium carbonate
- E501
Potassium Carbonates
E501 covers potassium carbonate and potassium hydrogen carbonate. E501: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate
- E503
Ammonium Carbonates
Ammonium carbonates are raising agents that release gases during heating. E503: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called baker's ammonia, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate
- E504
Magnesium Carbonates
E504 covers magnesium carbonate preparations used to control acidity or improve powder handling. E504: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydrogen carbonate
- E507
Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrochloric acid is used in controlled food processing to lower pH or support specific ingredient-production steps. E507: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called hydrogen chloride solution
- E508
Potassium Chloride
Potassium chloride provides a salty taste and can replace some sodium chloride in formulated foods. E508: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called KCl, potassium salt
- E509
Calcium Chloride
Calcium chloride is a calcium salt used to help foods retain firmness and support particular processing steps. E509: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called CaCl2
- E511
Magnesium Chloride
Magnesium chloride supplies magnesium ions for technical food functions. E511: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called magnesium dichloride, MgCl2
- E512
Stannous Chloride
Stannous chloride is a tin salt with narrowly defined food uses, such as helping retain appearance in certain preserved…. E512: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called tin(II) chloride
- E513
Sulphuric Acid
Sulphuric acid can be used in controlled ingredient processing and acidity adjustment. E513: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sulfuric acid
- E514
Sodium Sulphates
E514 includes sodium sulphate and sodium hydrogen sulphate. E514: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium sulfate, sodium hydrogen sulfate, sodium bisulfate
- E515
Potassium Sulphates
E515 covers potassium sulphate and potassium hydrogen sulphate. E515: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium sulfate, potassium hydrogen sulfate
- E516
Calcium Sulphate
Calcium sulphate is a calcium salt used for technical functions such as firming and coagulation. E516: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium sulfate, gypsum of food grade
- E517
Ammonium Sulphate
Ammonium sulphate is an ammonium salt used in specified food-processing applications. E517: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ammonium sulfate
- E520
Aluminium Sulphate
Aluminium sulphate is a specified mineral salt with restricted food applications. E520: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called aluminum sulfate, alum
- E521
Aluminium Sodium Sulphate
E521 is a double sulphate salt containing aluminium and sodium. E521: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium alum, soda alum, aluminum sodium sulfate
- E522
Aluminium Potassium Sulphate
E522 is potassium alum, a double sulphate salt containing aluminium and potassium. E522: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium alum, potash alum, aluminum potassium sulfate
- E523
Aluminium Ammonium Sulphate
E523 is ammonium alum, a double sulphate salt containing aluminium and ammonium. E523: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ammonium alum, aluminum ammonium sulfate
- E524
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali used under controlled processing conditions. E524: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called caustic soda, lye of food grade
- E525
Potassium Hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide is an alkaline ingredient used to adjust pH or support controlled food processing. E525: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called caustic potash
- E526
Calcium Hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide provides alkalinity and calcium ions. E526: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called slaked lime, pickling lime of food grade
- E527
Ammonium Hydroxide
Ammonium hydroxide is an aqueous ammonia preparation used in controlled food processing. E527: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ammonia solution of food grade
- E528
Magnesium Hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide is an alkaline magnesium compound used in specified food applications. E528: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called Mg(OH)2
- E529
Calcium Oxide
Calcium oxide reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide and is used in controlled food-processing contexts. E529: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called quicklime of food grade
- E530
Magnesium Oxide
Magnesium oxide is a magnesium compound that can support powder handling and acidity control. E530: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called MgO
- E534
Iron Tartrate
Iron tartrate is a specified complexation product used to help prevent clumping in salt. E534: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called iron meso-tartrate, iron(III) tartrate complex
- E535
Sodium Ferrocyanide
Sodium ferrocyanide is a specified anticaking ingredient used in salt. E535: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called yellow prussiate of soda
- E536
Potassium Ferrocyanide
Potassium ferrocyanide helps salt flow by reducing clumping under suitable conditions. E536: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called yellow prussiate of potash
- E538
Calcium Ferrocyanide
Calcium ferrocyanide is another member of the specified ferrocyanide group used for salt anticaking. E538: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium hexacyanoferrate(II)
- E551
Silicon Dioxide
Food additive silicon dioxide is specified synthetic amorphous silica used to improve the flow of powders. E551: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called silica, synthetic amorphous silica
- E552
Calcium Silicate
Calcium silicate is an anticaking ingredient used to help powdered materials remain free-flowing. E552: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium silicic-acid salt
- E553a
Magnesium Silicates
E553a includes specified magnesium silicate forms used for technical food functions. E553a: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called magnesium silicate, magnesium trisilicate
- E553b
Talc
E553b is talc meeting the food additive specification. E553b: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called food-grade talc, magnesium silicate talc
- E554
Sodium Aluminium Silicate
Sodium aluminium silicate is a specified mineral ingredient with limited food applications. E554: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium aluminosilicate, sodium silicoaluminate, aluminum sodium silicate
- E555
Potassium Aluminium Silicate
Potassium aluminium silicate is a specified mica preparation. E555: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called mica, muscovite, potassium aluminosilicate
Miscellaneous 1 guides
Modified Starches 12 guides
- E1404
Oxidised Starch
Oxidised starch is starch treated by controlled oxidation to alter its processing properties. E1404: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called oxidized starch
- E1410
Monostarch Phosphate
Monostarch phosphate is starch modified with phosphate groups. E1410: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called starch phosphate
- E1412
Distarch Phosphate
Distarch phosphate is starch crosslinked using phosphate-based treatment. E1412: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called crosslinked starch phosphate
- E1413
Phosphated Distarch Phosphate
E1413 is starch that combines phosphate substitution with phosphate crosslinking. E1413: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called phosphorylated distarch phosphate
- E1414
Acetylated Distarch Phosphate
E1414 combines acetylation with phosphate crosslinking of starch. E1414: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called acetylated crosslinked starch
- E1420
Acetylated Starch
Acetylated starch has acetate groups introduced through controlled processing. E1420: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called starch acetate
- E1422
Acetylated Distarch Adipate
E1422 combines acetylation with adipate-based crosslinking of starch. E1422: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called acetylated starch adipate
- E1440
Hydroxypropyl Starch
Hydroxypropyl starch has hydroxypropyl groups introduced onto starch molecules. E1440: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called hydroxypropylated starch
- E1442
Hydroxypropyl Distarch Phosphate
E1442 combines hydroxypropyl substitution with phosphate crosslinking of starch. E1442: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called hydroxypropylated crosslinked starch
- E1450
Starch Sodium Octenyl Succinate
E1450 is starch modified with octenyl succinate groups in sodium salt form. E1450: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called OSA starch, octenyl succinic anhydride modified starch
- E1451
Acetylated Oxidised Starch
E1451 combines controlled oxidation and acetylation of starch. E1451: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called acetylated oxidized starch
- E1452
Starch Aluminium Octenyl Succinate
E1452 is a specified octenyl-succinate-modified starch preparation with aluminium. E1452: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called starch aluminum octenyl succinate
Packaging Gases 7 guides
- E290
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide supplies carbonation in drinks and can be part of controlled food packaging atmospheres. E290: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called CO2, carbon dioxide gas
- E938
Argon
Argon is an inert gas used in suitable food packaging atmospheres. E938: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called Ar, argon gas
- E939
Helium
Helium is a gas listed for specified food gas applications. E939: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called He, helium gas
- E941
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is used to replace some oxygen in food packages and can help protect texture or slow oxidation. E941: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called N2, nitrogen gas
- E942
Nitrous Oxide
Nitrous oxide is used as a food propellant, particularly to aerate cream in appropriate dispensing equipment. E942: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called N2O, cream charger gas
- E948
Oxygen
Oxygen can be part of a controlled food packaging atmosphere chosen for the specific product. E948: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called O2, oxygen gas
- E949
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a gas listed for specified food applications. E949: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called H2, hydrogen gas
Phosphates 9 guides
- E338
Phosphoric Acid
Phosphoric acid is an inorganic food acid used to produce tartness and adjust acidity in suitable drinks and other…. E338: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called orthophosphoric acid
- E339
Sodium Phosphates
E339 covers several sodium phosphate forms. E339: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate
- E340
Potassium Phosphates
Potassium phosphates are potassium salts of phosphoric acid. E340: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate
- E341
Calcium Phosphates
E341 covers calcium phosphate forms with different technological uses. E341: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called monocalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate
- E343
Magnesium Phosphates
Magnesium phosphates are magnesium salts of phosphoric acid. E343: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called monomagnesium phosphate, dimagnesium phosphate
- E450
Diphosphates
Diphosphates contain two linked phosphate units. E450: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called pyrophosphates, disodium diphosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate
- E451
Triphosphates
Triphosphates contain three linked phosphate units and can help manage water binding and texture in suitable foods. E451: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, STPP
- E452
Polyphosphates
E452 is a family of polyphosphate salts containing chains of phosphate units. E452: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate
- E541
Sodium Aluminium Phosphate
E541 refers to an acidic sodium aluminium phosphate used in specified raising-agent applications. E541: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium aluminum phosphate, SALP, acidic sodium aluminium phosphate
Preservatives 34 guides
- E200
Sorbic Acid
A naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acid used as an effective antimicrobial preservative against mold and yeast. Found in rowan berries and widely used in cheese, wine, and baked goods.
Also called sorbic acid
- E202
Potassium Sorbate
The potassium salt of sorbic acid and one of the most widely used food preservatives worldwide. Effective against mold, yeast, and bacteria. Used in wine, cheese, yogurt, and baked goods.
Also called potassium sorbate
- E210
Benzoic Acid
A preservative used to prevent bacterial and fungal growth in acidic foods and beverages. Naturally occurs in some fruits and spices.
Also called benzoic acid
- E211
Sodium Benzoate
A widely used synthetic preservative that inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeast, and molds in acidic foods and beverages.
Also called sodium benzoate
- E212
Potassium Benzoate
The potassium salt of benzoic acid, used as a preservative in beverages and pickles. Like sodium benzoate (E211), can form benzene when combined with vitamin C. Linked to hyperactivity in children.
Also called potassium benzoate
- E213
Calcium Benzoate
Calcium benzoate is the calcium salt of benzoic acid. E213: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium dibenzoate
- E214
Ethyl Paraben
E214 is the ethyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, commonly called ethyl paraben. E214: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, ethylparaben
- E215
Sodium Ethyl Paraben
E215 is a sodium form of ethyl paraben. E215: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium ethylparaben
- E218
Methyl Paraben
Methyl paraben E218 is a preservative made from p-hydroxybenzoic acid and methanol-derived ester chemistry. E218: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, methylparaben
- E219
Sodium Methyl Paraben
E219 is the sodium form of methyl paraben, used as a preservative in specified food applications. E219: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium methylparaben
- E220
Sulphur Dioxide
A preservative and antioxidant commonly used in wine, dried fruits, and processed foods. Can cause respiratory issues in sensitive individuals, particularly asthmatics.
Also called sulphur dioxide, sulfur dioxide, SO2
- E221
Sodium Sulphite
Sodium sulphite E221 is a sulphite preservative used to limit microbial spoilage and unwanted oxidation. E221: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium sulfite
- E222
Sodium Hydrogen Sulphite
E222 is sodium hydrogen sulphite, also called sodium bisulphite. E222: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium bisulphite, sodium bisulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite
- E223
Sodium Metabisulphite
Sodium metabisulphite is a sulphite-family additive used in preservation and to limit unwanted browning or oxidation. E223: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium metabisulfite, disodium disulphite
- E224
Potassium Metabisulphite
E224 is the potassium salt used in the metabisulphite preservative family. E224: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium metabisulfite, dipotassium disulphite
- E226
Calcium Sulphite
Calcium sulphite E226 is a calcium salt in the sulphite preservative group. E226: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium sulfite
- E227
Calcium Hydrogen Sulphite
E227 identifies calcium hydrogen sulphite, also called calcium bisulphite. E227: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium bisulphite, calcium bisulfite
- E228
Potassium Hydrogen Sulphite
Potassium hydrogen sulphite E228 is also known as potassium bisulphite. E228: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium bisulphite, potassium bisulfite
- E234
Nisin
Nisin is an antimicrobial peptide produced by fermentation using certain Lactococcus lactis bacteria. E234: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called nisin preparation
- E235
Natamycin
Natamycin is an antifungal ingredient used in specified surface-preservation applications. E235: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called pimaricin
- E239
Hexamethylene Tetramine
E239 is hexamethylene tetramine, a preservative associated with a very limited food application. E239: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called hexamethylenetetramine, hexamine, urotropine
- E242
Dimethyl Dicarbonate
Dimethyl dicarbonate E242 is used during specified beverage processing to help control microorganisms. E242: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called DMDC
- E243
Ethyl Lauroyl Arginate
E243 refers to ethyl lauroyl arginate hydrochloride, a preservative based on an arginine-derived structure and a fatty-acid…. E243: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ethyl lauroyl arginate hydrochloride, LAE
- E249
Potassium Nitrite
A food preservative used in cured and processed meats. Prevents botulism and maintains meat color. Can form nitrosamines (carcinogens) during cooking. Classified as possibly carcinogenic by IARC.
Also called potassium nitrite
- E250
Sodium Nitrite
A preservative used primarily in processed meats to prevent bacterial growth and maintain color. Has potential health concerns when consumed in large amounts.
Also called sodium nitrite
- E251
Sodium Nitrate
A preservative used in cured meats, smoked fish, and some cheeses. Converts to nitrite in the body. Associated with increased colorectal cancer risk. Also prevents dangerous botulism growth.
Also called sodium nitrate
- E252
Potassium Nitrate
One of the oldest food preservatives, used in cured meats and hard cheeses. Also known as saltpeter. Converts to nitrite during curing, carrying the same cancer risk concerns as sodium nitrate.
Also called potassium nitrate
- E280
Propionic Acid
Propionic acid E280 is an organic acid used to help control mold and certain spoilage organisms. E280: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called propanoic acid
- E281
Sodium Propionate
Sodium propionate is the sodium salt of propionic acid. E281: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium propanoate
- E282
Calcium Propionate
Calcium propionate E282 is a mold-control preservative often encountered on packaged bread labels. E282: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium propanoate
- E283
Potassium Propionate
E283 is potassium propionate, the potassium salt of propionic acid. E283: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium propanoate
- E284
Boric Acid
Boric acid E284 has a narrowly restricted food-preservative context associated with specified caviar applications. E284: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called orthoboric acid
- E285
Sodium Tetraborate
Sodium tetraborate E285 is a borate compound with a very limited food-preservation context associated with specified caviar. E285: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called borax, disodium tetraborate
- E1105
Lysozyme
Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks down components of certain bacterial cell walls. E1105: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called egg lysozyme, muramidase
Sequestrants 1 guides
Sweeteners 23 guides
- E420
Sorbitol
A sugar alcohol used as a sweetener, humectant, and stabilizer in sugar-free products, particularly for diabetics and in dental-friendly foods.
Also called sorbitol, sorbitol syrup, glucitol
- E421
Mannitol
Mannitol is a sugar alcohol used to supply sweetness and bulk. E421: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called D-mannitol
- E950
Acesulfame K
A calorie-free artificial sweetener used in sugar-free products, beverages, and as a tabletop sweetener. About 200 times sweeter than sugar.
Also called acesulfame K, acesulfame potassium, Ace-K
- E951
Aspartame
An intense artificial sweetener approximately 200 times sweeter than sugar. Widely used in 'diet' or 'sugar-free' products, but its safety remains debated.
Also called aspartame
- E952
Cyclamate
An artificial sweetener approximately 30-50 times sweeter than sugar, banned in some countries due to health concerns.
Also called cyclamates, cyclamic acid, sodium cyclamate
- E953
Isomalt
A sugar alcohol derived from sugar beet, used as a low-calorie sweetener and bulking agent in sugar-free confectionery and baked goods.
Also called isomalt
- E954
Saccharin
The oldest artificial sweetener, about 300-400 times sweeter than sugar, used in diet products, beverages, and as a tabletop sweetener.
Also called saccharin, saccharins, sodium saccharin
- E955
Sucralose
Sucralose is a high-intensity sweetener made by modifying sucrose. E955: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called trichlorogalactosucrose
- E957
Thaumatin
Thaumatin is a sweet-tasting protein preparation obtained from the fruit of Thaumatococcus daniellii. E957: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called thaumatin protein
- E959
Neohesperidine DC
Neohesperidine DC is a high-intensity sweetener derived through processing of a citrus flavonoid. E959: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, NHDC
- E960
Steviol Glycosides Overview
Steviol glycosides are sweet compounds used in concentrated preparations rather than as whole stevia leaves. E960: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called stevia sweeteners, steviol glycoside family
- E960a
Steviol Glycosides from Stevia
E960a identifies specified steviol glycoside preparations obtained from stevia leaves. E960a: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called stevia leaf extract, stevioside, rebaudioside A
- E960b
Steviol Glycosides from Fermentation
E960b covers specified steviol glycosides produced through fermentation. E960b: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called fermentation-derived steviol glycosides, fermented stevia sweetener
- E960c
Enzymatically Produced Steviol Glycosides
E960c identifies steviol glycoside preparations made through specified enzyme-assisted production. E960c: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called enzyme-converted steviol glycosides, enzymatically produced stevia sweetener
- E960d
Glucosylated Steviol Glycosides
E960d covers steviol glycoside preparations modified through enzymatic addition of glucose units. E960d: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called glucosyl steviol glycosides, glucosylated stevia sweetener
- E961
Neotame
Neotame is a high-intensity sweetener with a structure related to aspartame but different metabolism and use quantities. E961: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called neotame sweetener
- E962
Salt of Aspartame-Acesulfame
E962 combines aspartame and acesulfame in a specified salt preparation. E962: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called aspartame-acesulfame salt, aspartame acesulfame
- E964
Polyglycitol Syrup
Polyglycitol syrup is a mixture of hydrogenated saccharides used for bulk and sweetness. E964: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called hydrogenated starch hydrolysate syrup, polyglycitol
- E965
Maltitol
A sugar alcohol used as a sweetener and bulking agent in sugar-free and reduced-calorie foods, with about 90% of the sweetness of sugar.
Also called maltitol, maltitol syrup
- E966
Lactitol
Lactitol is a sugar alcohol produced from lactose. E966: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called lactitol monohydrate
- E967
Xylitol
A natural sugar alcohol used as a sweetener with the same sweetness as sugar but fewer calories, particularly common in sugar-free gum and dental products.
Also called xylitol
- E968
Erythritol
Erythritol is a sugar alcohol used to add bulk and sweetness. E968: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called meso-erythritol
- E969
Advantame
Advantame is a high-intensity sweetener with a structure related to aspartame. E969: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called advantame sweetener
Thickeners and Stabilizers 33 guides
- E400
Alginic Acid
Alginic acid is a polysaccharide associated with brown seaweed. E400: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called algin, alginic acid preparation
- E401
Sodium Alginate
Sodium alginate is a seaweed-derived polysaccharide salt that thickens water-based foods. E401: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called sodium algin
- E402
Potassium Alginate
Potassium alginate is the potassium salt of alginic acid. E402: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium algin
- E403
Ammonium Alginate
Ammonium alginate is an alginic-acid salt used in specified thickening or stabilization preparations. E403: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ammonium algin
- E404
Calcium Alginate
Calcium alginate is the calcium salt of alginic acid and has different solubility and structural properties from sodium…. E404: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called calcium algin
- E405
Propylene Glycol Alginate
Propylene glycol alginate is an esterified alginate preparation. E405: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called propane-1,2-diol alginate, PGA
- E406
Agar
Agar is a gelling polysaccharide preparation obtained from certain red seaweeds. E406: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called agar-agar, agar gum
- E407
Carrageenan
A polysaccharide extracted from red seaweed used as a thickener, gelling agent, and stabilizer in various food products. Concerns exist about potential inflammatory effects.
Also called carrageenan
- E407a
Processed Eucheuma Seaweed
E407a is a processed seaweed ingredient related to carrageenan but with a distinct specification and retained seaweed…. E407a: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called processed eucheuma seaweed, PES, semi-refined carrageenan
- E410
Locust Bean Gum
Locust bean gum is obtained from the seed endosperm of the carob tree. E410: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called carob bean gum, carob gum, LBG
- E412
Guar Gum
Guar gum is a galactomannan polysaccharide from the seed endosperm of the guar plant. E412: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called guaran, guar flour
- E413
Tragacanth
Tragacanth is a plant gum obtained from exudates of certain Astragalus species. E413: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called gum tragacanth, tragacanth gum
- E414
Acacia Gum
Acacia gum, also called gum arabic, is a plant exudate gum used for stabilization and emulsification. E414: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called gum arabic, arabic gum, acacia fiber
- E415
Xanthan Gum
A polysaccharide used as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier in a wide range of foods, particularly gluten-free products, sauces, and dressings.
Also called xanthan gum
- E416
Karaya Gum
Karaya gum is a plant exudate gum that swells substantially in water. E416: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called gum karaya, sterculia gum
- E417
Tara Gum
Tara gum is a galactomannan obtained from the seed endosperm of the tara plant. E417: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called tara seed gum
- E418
Gellan Gum
Gellan gum is a fermentation-produced polysaccharide. E418: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called gellan, gellan gum preparation
- E423
Modified Acacia Gum
E423 is acacia gum modified with octenyl succinic acid chemistry to improve performance in certain emulsions. E423: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called octenyl succinic acid modified gum arabic, OSA-modified gum arabic
- E425
Konjac
E425 covers konjac gum and konjac glucomannan preparations derived from the konjac plant. E425: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called konjac gum, konjac glucomannan, glucomannan
- E426
Soybean Hemicellulose
Soybean hemicellulose is a polysaccharide preparation derived from soybean material. E426: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called soy hemicellulose, soluble soybean polysaccharide
- E427
Cassia Gum
Cassia gum is a galactomannan preparation obtained from specified cassia seed sources. E427: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called cassia seed gum
- E440
Pectins
Pectins are polysaccharide preparations often obtained from citrus peel or apple material. E440: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called pectin, amidated pectin, citrus pectin
- E456
Potassium Polyaspartate
Potassium polyaspartate is a polymer preparation derived from aspartic acid and potassium hydroxide. E456: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called potassium salt of polyaspartic acid
- E460
Cellulose
Cellulose is a structural carbohydrate from plant material. E460: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called microcrystalline cellulose, powdered cellulose
- E461
Methyl Cellulose
Methyl cellulose is cellulose modified with methyl groups to change its interaction with water. E461: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called methylcellulose
- E462
Ethyl Cellulose
Ethyl cellulose is a cellulose derivative used for film formation and coating. E462: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ethylcellulose
- E463
Hydroxypropyl Cellulose
Hydroxypropyl cellulose has hydroxypropyl groups attached to a cellulose backbone. E463: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called HPC, hydroxypropylcellulose
- E463a
Low-Substituted Hydroxypropyl Cellulose
E463a is cellulose modified with a lower degree of hydroxypropyl substitution than E463. E463a: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called L-HPC, low-substituted cellulose hydroxypropyl ether
- E464
Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose combines two types of substitution on cellulose. E464: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called HPMC, hypromellose
- E465
Ethyl Methyl Cellulose
Ethyl methyl cellulose is a cellulose derivative with ethyl and methyl substitutions. E465: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called ethylmethylcellulose
- E466
Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Carboxymethyl cellulose, often called cellulose gum, is a water-compatible cellulose derivative. E466: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called cellulose gum, CMC, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
- E468
Crosslinked Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose
E468 is a crosslinked form of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. E468: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called croscarmellose sodium, crosslinked cellulose gum
- E469
Enzymatically Hydrolysed Carboxymethyl Cellulose
E469 is carboxymethyl cellulose that has undergone controlled enzymatic breakdown. E469: food uses, label names, and safety context.
Also called enzymatically hydrolyzed cellulose gum, hydrolysed CMC