E477: Propane-1,2-diol Esters of Fatty Acids
Main role: emulsifying and aeration
Also listed as: propylene glycol esters, PGME
What is E477 (Propane-1,2-diol Esters of Fatty Acids)?
E477 consists of fatty-acid esters of propane-1,2-diol, also called propylene glycol. The ester mixture is used to support emulsification and structure in appropriate recipes.
What does it do in food?
Its main role is emulsifying and aeration. Emulsifiers help ingredients mix or remain distributed. The recipe determines whether that means dispersing fat, improving dough handling, or controlling a coating. Their presence alone does not describe the food’s overall nutritional quality.
Food and formulation examples
- Cakes
- Dessert preparations
- Whipping emulsifier blends
These examples describe formulation roles, not a list of unrestricted legal uses. Availability and permitted applications differ by country and food category.
Label names and ingredient questions
Look for E477, E 477, or the ingredient name. Related names and label terms include propylene glycol esters, PGME. A family code can cover more than one specified form; check the full declaration when the distinction matters.
E477 is not the same ingredient as free propylene glycol E1520. The shared chemical component does not mean the ingredients have identical processing behavior.
Is E477 safe?
There is no meaningful personal risk estimate from an E number alone. Food-grade specifications, allowed uses, amount consumed, and individual circumstances all matter. The authorization record below gives the legal scope; it is not a claim that every possible use is appropriate.
A label identifies the ingredient but usually not its concentration. Calculating daily intake requires the amount in the food and the quantities eaten.
Authorization and conditions of use
The Great Britain food additive register lists E477 as Propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids. This is an entry subject to its stated conditions, not unrestricted permission for every food. The record links to the applicable authorization terms. For an EU product, use the European Commission food additive database to check the relevant food category and limits. Other countries may use different names or rules.