E440: Pectins
Main role: gelling and stabilization
Also listed as: pectin, amidated pectin, citrus pectin, apple pectin
What is E440 (Pectins)?
Pectins are polysaccharide preparations often obtained from citrus peel or apple material. Their structure determines whether a recipe sets through sugar and acidity, calcium interactions, or another controlled system. E440 covers both pectin and amidated pectin.
What does it do in food?
Its main role is gelling and stabilization. Texture ingredients help a recipe control thickness, binding, or separation. Their behavior depends on temperature, acidity, concentration, and other ingredients; two thickeners with similar names may not perform identically.
Food and formulation examples
- Jam and fruit spreads
- Fruit fillings
- Specified beverage stabilization
These examples describe formulation roles, not a list of unrestricted legal uses. Availability and permitted applications differ by country and food category.
Label names and ingredient questions
Look for E440, E 440, or the ingredient name. Related names and label terms include pectin, amidated pectin, citrus pectin, apple pectin. A family code can cover more than one specified form; check the full declaration when the distinction matters.
A lower-sugar jam may need a different pectin system from a traditional high-sugar jam. Pectin's plant origin also distinguishes it from gelatin, but the whole recipe must still be checked for animal ingredients.
Is E440 safe?
The EFSA pectins re-evaluation (2017) is a scientific reference for this group. Its conclusions apply to the uses and exposures considered in that assessment, rather than every possible use or personal circumstance.
A label identifies the ingredient but usually not its concentration. Calculating daily intake requires the amount in the food and the quantities eaten.
Authorization and conditions of use
The Great Britain food additive register lists E440 as Pectins. This is an entry subject to its stated conditions, not unrestricted permission for every food. The record links to the applicable authorization terms. For an EU product, use the European Commission food additive database to check the relevant food category and limits. Other countries may use different names or rules.