E280: Propionic Acid
Main role: mold control
Also listed as: propanoic acid
What is E280 (Propionic Acid)?
Propionic acid E280 is an organic acid used to help control mold and certain spoilage organisms. It can be added directly or supplied through propionate salts. Its preservative function differs from using an acid only to make a food taste sour.
What does it do in food?
Its main role is mold control. Preservation is one part of a food safety system. Recipe acidity, processing, packaging, and storage also affect how a product keeps. Follow the finished product’s storage instructions even when a preservative is listed.
Food and formulation examples
- Bread and bakery preservation
- Selected cheese applications
These examples describe formulation roles, not a list of unrestricted legal uses. Availability and permitted applications differ by country and food category.
Label names and ingredient questions
Look for E280, E 280, or the ingredient name. Related names and label terms include propanoic acid. A family code can cover more than one specified form; check the full declaration when the distinction matters.
E280 and its sodium, calcium, and potassium salts belong to one preservative family. Choosing a different salt can change formulation behavior without removing the propionate component.
Is E280 safe?
The EFSA propionates re-evaluation (2014) is a scientific reference for this group. Its conclusions apply to the uses and exposures considered in that assessment, rather than every possible use or personal circumstance.
A label identifies the ingredient but usually not its concentration. Calculating daily intake requires the amount in the food and the quantities eaten.
Authorization and conditions of use
The Great Britain food additive register lists E280 as Propionic acid. This is an entry subject to its stated conditions, not unrestricted permission for every food. The record links to the applicable authorization terms. For an EU product, use the European Commission food additive database to check the relevant food category and limits. Other countries may use different names or rules.