E234: Nisin
Main role: microbial preservation
Also listed as: nisin preparation
What is E234 (Nisin)?
Nisin is an antimicrobial peptide produced by fermentation using certain Lactococcus lactis bacteria. Food-grade nisin preparations are used to control susceptible microorganisms in particular foods. It is a preservative ingredient rather than a probiotic culture added to improve gut health.
What does it do in food?
Its main role is microbial preservation. Preservation is one part of a food safety system. Recipe acidity, processing, packaging, and storage also affect how a product keeps. Follow the finished product’s storage instructions even when a preservative is listed.
Food and formulation examples
- Specified cheese products
- Selected heat-processed foods
- Preservation preparations
These examples describe formulation roles, not a list of unrestricted legal uses. Availability and permitted applications differ by country and food category.
Label names and ingredient questions
Look for E234, E 234, or the ingredient name. Related names and label terms include nisin preparation. A family code can cover more than one specified form; check the full declaration when the distinction matters.
A fermentation origin does not mean a nisin-containing food provides live probiotic bacteria. The final preservative preparation and the product's permitted use conditions matter.
Is E234 safe?
There is no meaningful personal risk estimate from an E number alone. Food-grade specifications, allowed uses, amount consumed, and individual circumstances all matter. The authorization record below gives the legal scope; it is not a claim that every possible use is appropriate.
A label identifies the ingredient but usually not its concentration. Calculating daily intake requires the amount in the food and the quantities eaten.
Authorization and conditions of use
The Great Britain food additive register lists E234 as Nisin. This is an entry subject to its stated conditions, not unrestricted permission for every food. The record links to the applicable authorization terms. For an EU product, use the European Commission food additive database to check the relevant food category and limits. Other countries may use different names or rules.